Auxiliary type used to represent syntax categories. We mainly use auxiliary definitions with this type to attach doc strings to syntax categories.
Instances For
command
is the syntax category for things that appear at the top level
of a lean file. For example, def foo := 1
is a command
, as is
namespace Foo
and end Foo
. Commands generally have an effect on the state of
adding something to the environment (like a new definition), as well as
commands like variable
which modify future commands within a scope.
Equations
Instances For
term
is the builtin syntax category for terms. A term denotes an expression
in lean's type theory, for example 2 + 2
is a term. The difference between
Term
and Expr
is that the former is a kind of syntax, while the latter is
the result of elaboration. For example by simp
is also a Term
, but it elaborates
to different Expr
s depending on the context.
Equations
Instances For
tactic
is the builtin syntax category for tactics. These appear after
by
in proofs, and they are programs that take in the proof context
(the hypotheses in scope plus the type of the term to synthesize) and construct
a term of the expected type. For example, simp
is a tactic, used in:
example : 2 + 2 = 4 := by simp
Equations
Instances For
level
is a builtin syntax category for universe levels.
This is the u
in Sort u
: it can contain max
and imax
, addition with
constants, and variables.
Equations
Instances For
attr
is a builtin syntax category for attributes.
Declarations can be annotated with attributes using the @[...]
notation.
Equations
Instances For
stx
is a builtin syntax category for syntax. This is the abbreviated
parser notation used inside syntax
and macro
declarations.
Equations
Instances For
prio
is a builtin syntax category for priorities.
Priorities are used in many different attributes.
Higher numbers denote higher priority, and for example typeclass search will
try high priority instances before low priority.
In addition to literals like 37
, you can also use low
, mid
, high
, as well as
add and subtract priorities.
Equations
Instances For
prec
is a builtin syntax category for precedences. A precedence is a value
that expresses how tightly a piece of syntax binds: for example 1 + 2 * 3
is
parsed as 1 + (2 * 3)
because *
has a higher pr0ecedence than +
.
Higher numbers denote higher precedence.
In addition to literals like 37
, there are some special named priorities:
arg
for the precedence of function argumentsmax
for the highest precedence used in term parsers (not actually the maximum possible value)lead
for the precedence of terms not supposed to be used as arguments and you can also add and subtract precedences.
Equations
Instances For
DSL for specifying parser precedences and priorities
Addition of precedences. This is normally used only for offsetting, e.g. max + 1
.
Equations
- Lean.Parser.Syntax.addPrec = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `Lean.Parser.Syntax.addPrec 65 0 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " + ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `prec 66))
Instances For
Subtraction of precedences. This is normally used only for offsetting, e.g. max - 1
.
Equations
- Lean.Parser.Syntax.subPrec = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `Lean.Parser.Syntax.subPrec 65 0 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " - ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `prec 66))
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Addition of priorities. This is normally used only for offsetting, e.g. default + 1
.
Equations
- Lean.Parser.Syntax.addPrio = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `Lean.Parser.Syntax.addPrio 65 0 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " + ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `prio 66))
Instances For
Subtraction of priorities. This is normally used only for offsetting, e.g. default - 1
.
Equations
- Lean.Parser.Syntax.subPrio = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `Lean.Parser.Syntax.subPrio 65 0 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " - ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `prio 66))
Instances For
Equations
- Lean.instCoeOutTSyntaxSyntax = { coe := fun (stx : Lean.TSyntax ks) => stx.raw }
Equations
- Lean.instCoeSyntaxNodeKindSyntaxNodeKinds = { coe := fun (k : Lean.SyntaxNodeKind) => [k] }
Maximum precedence used in term parsers, in particular for terms in
function position (ident
, paren
, ...)
Equations
- precMax = Lean.ParserDescr.node `precMax 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "max" false)
Instances For
Precedence used for application arguments (do
, by
, ...).
Equations
- precArg = Lean.ParserDescr.node `precArg 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "arg" false)
Instances For
Precedence used for terms not supposed to be used as arguments (let
, have
, ...).
Equations
- precLead = Lean.ParserDescr.node `precLead 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "lead" false)
Instances For
Parentheses are used for grouping precedence expressions.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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Minimum precedence used in term parsers.
Equations
- precMin = Lean.ParserDescr.node `precMin 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "min" false)
Instances For
(min+1)
(we can only write min+1
after Meta.lean
)
Equations
- precMin1 = Lean.ParserDescr.node `precMin1 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "min1" false)
Instances For
max:prec
as a term. It is equivalent to eval_prec max
for eval_prec
defined at Meta.lean
.
We use max_prec
to workaround bootstrapping issues.
Equations
- termMax_prec = Lean.ParserDescr.node `termMax_prec 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "max_prec")
Instances For
The default priority default = 1000
, which is used when no priority is set.
Equations
- prioDefault = Lean.ParserDescr.node `prioDefault 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "default" false)
Instances For
The standardized "low" priority low = 100
, for things that should be lower than default priority.
Equations
- prioLow = Lean.ParserDescr.node `prioLow 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "low" false)
Instances For
The standardized "medium" priority mid = 500
. This is lower than default
, and higher than low
.
Equations
- prioMid = Lean.ParserDescr.node `prioMid 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "mid" false)
Instances For
The standardized "high" priority high = 10000
, for things that should be higher than default priority.
Equations
- prioHigh = Lean.ParserDescr.node `prioHigh 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "high" false)
Instances For
Parentheses are used for grouping priority expressions.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
p+
is shorthand for many1(p)
. It uses parser p
1 or more times, and produces a
nullNode
containing the array of parsed results. This parser has arity 1.
If p
has arity more than 1, it is auto-grouped in the items generated by the parser.
Equations
- «stx_+» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_+ 1023 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "+")
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p*
is shorthand for many(p)
. It uses parser p
0 or more times, and produces a
nullNode
containing the array of parsed results. This parser has arity 1.
If p
has arity more than 1, it is auto-grouped in the items generated by the parser.
Equations
- «stx_*» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_* 1023 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "*")
Instances For
(p)?
is shorthand for optional(p)
. It uses parser p
0 or 1 times, and produces a
nullNode
containing the array of parsed results. This parser has arity 1.
p
is allowed to have arity n > 1 (in which case the node will have either 0 or n children),
but if it has arity 0 then the result will be ambiguous.
Because ?
is an identifier character, ident?
will not work as intended.
You have to write either ident ?
or (ident)?
for it to parse as the ?
combinator
applied to the ident
parser.
Equations
- stx_? = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_? 1023 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "?")
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p1 <|> p2
is shorthand for orelse(p1, p2)
, and parses either p1
or p2
.
It does not backtrack, meaning that if p1
consumes at least one token then
p2
will not be tried. Therefore, the parsers should all differ in their first
token. The atomic(p)
parser combinator can be used to locally backtrack a parser.
(For full backtracking, consider using extensible syntax classes instead.)
On success, if the inner parser does not generate exactly one node, it will be
automatically wrapped in a group
node, so the result will always be arity 1.
The <|>
combinator does not generate a node of its own, and in particular
does not tag the inner parsers to distinguish them, which can present a problem
when reconstructing the parse. A well formed <|>
parser should use disjoint
node kinds for p1
and p2
.
Equations
- «stx_<|>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_<|>_ 2 2 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <|> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `stx 1))
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p,*
is shorthand for sepBy(p, ",")
. It parses 0 or more occurrences of
p
separated by ,
, that is: empty | p | p,p | p,p,p | ...
.
It produces a nullNode
containing a SepArray
with the interleaved parser
results. It has arity 1, and auto-groups its component parser if needed.
Equations
- «stx_,*» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_,* 1023 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol ",*")
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p,+
is shorthand for sepBy(p, ",")
. It parses 1 or more occurrences of
p
separated by ,
, that is: p | p,p | p,p,p | ...
.
It produces a nullNode
containing a SepArray
with the interleaved parser
results. It has arity 1, and auto-groups its component parser if needed.
Equations
- «stx_,+» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_,+ 1023 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol ",+")
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p,*,?
is shorthand for sepBy(p, ",", allowTrailingSep)
.
It parses 0 or more occurrences of p
separated by ,
, possibly including
a trailing ,
, that is: empty | p | p, | p,p | p,p, | p,p,p | ...
.
It produces a nullNode
containing a SepArray
with the interleaved parser
results. It has arity 1, and auto-groups its component parser if needed.
Equations
- «stx_,*,?» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_,*,? 1023 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol ",*,?")
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p,+,?
is shorthand for sepBy1(p, ",", allowTrailingSep)
.
It parses 1 or more occurrences of p
separated by ,
, possibly including
a trailing ,
, that is: p | p, | p,p | p,p, | p,p,p | ...
.
It produces a nullNode
containing a SepArray
with the interleaved parser
results. It has arity 1, and auto-groups its component parser if needed.
Equations
- «stx_,+,?» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `stx_,+,? 1023 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol ",+,?")
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!p
parses the negation of p
. That is, it fails if p
succeeds, and
otherwise parses nothing. It has arity 0.
Equations
- stx!_ = Lean.ParserDescr.node `stx!_ 1023 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "!" false) (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `stx 1024))
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The nat_lit n
macro constructs "raw numeric literals". This corresponds to the
Expr.lit (.natVal n)
constructor in the Expr
data type.
Normally, when you write a numeral like #check 37
, the parser turns this into
an application of OfNat.ofNat
to the raw literal 37
to cast it into the
target type, even if this type is Nat
(so the cast is the identity function).
But sometimes it is necessary to talk about the raw numeral directly,
especially when proving properties about the ofNat
function itself.
Equations
- rawNatLit = Lean.ParserDescr.node `rawNatLit 1022 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "nat_lit ") (Lean.ParserDescr.const `num))
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Function composition is the act of pipelining the result of one function, to the input of another, creating an entirely new function. Example:
#eval Function.comp List.reverse (List.drop 2) [3, 2, 4, 1]
-- [1, 4]
You can use the notation f ∘ g
as shorthand for Function.comp f g
.
#eval (List.reverse ∘ List.drop 2) [3, 2, 4, 1]
-- [1, 4]
A simpler way of thinking about it, is that List.reverse ∘ List.drop 2
is equivalent to fun xs => List.reverse (List.drop 2 xs)
,
the benefit is that the meaning of composition is obvious,
and the representation is compact.
Equations
- «term_∘_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_∘_ 90 91 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ∘ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 90))
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Product type (aka pair). You can use α × β
as notation for Prod α β
.
Given a : α
and b : β
, Prod.mk a b : Prod α β
. You can use (a, b)
as notation for Prod.mk a b
. Moreover, (a, b, c)
is notation for
Prod.mk a (Prod.mk b c)
.
Given p : Prod α β
, p.1 : α
and p.2 : β
. They are short for Prod.fst p
and Prod.snd p
respectively. You can also write p.fst
and p.snd
.
For more information: Constructors with Arguments
Equations
- «term_×_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_×_ 35 36 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " × ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 35))
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Similar to Prod
, but α
and β
can be propositions.
You can use α ×' β
as notation for PProd α β
.
We use this type internally to automatically generate the brecOn
recursor.
Equations
- «term_×'_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_×'_ 35 36 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ×' ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 35))
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Divisibility. a ∣ b
(typed as \|
) means that there is some c
such that b = a * c
.
Equations
- «term_∣_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_∣_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ∣ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
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a ||| b
computes the bitwise OR of a
and b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_|||_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_|||_ 55 55 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ||| ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 56))
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a ^^^ b
computes the bitwise XOR of a
and b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_^^^_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_^^^_ 58 58 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ^^^ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 59))
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a &&& b
computes the bitwise AND of a
and b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_&&&_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_&&&_ 60 60 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " &&& ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 61))
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a + b
computes the sum of a
and b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_+_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_+_ 65 65 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " + ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 66))
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a - b
computes the difference of a
and b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
- For natural numbers, this operator saturates at 0:
a - b = 0
whena ≤ b
.
Equations
- «term_-_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_-_ 65 65 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " - ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 66))
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a * b
computes the product of a
and b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_*_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_*_ 70 70 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " * ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 71))
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a / b
computes the result of dividing a
by b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
- For most types like
Nat
,Int
,Rat
,Real
,a / 0
is defined to be0
. - For
Nat
,a / b
rounds downwards. - For
Int
,a / b
rounds downwards ifb
is positive or upwards ifb
is negative. It is implemented asInt.ediv
, the unique function satisfiyinga % b + b * (a / b) = a
and0 ≤ a % b < natAbs b
forb ≠ 0
. Other rounding conventions are available using the functionsInt.fdiv
(floor rounding) andInt.div
(truncation rounding). - For
Float
,a / 0
follows the IEEE 754 semantics for division, usually resulting ininf
ornan
.
Equations
- «term_/_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_/_ 70 70 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " / ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 71))
Instances For
a % b
computes the remainder upon dividing a
by b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_%_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_%_ 70 70 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " % ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 71))
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a <<< b
computes a
shifted to the left by b
places.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
- On
Nat
, this is equivalent toa * 2 ^ b
. - On
UInt8
and other fixed width unsigned types, this is the same but truncated to the bit width.
Equations
- «term_<<<_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<<<_ 75 75 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <<< ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 76))
Instances For
a >>> b
computes a
shifted to the right by b
places.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_>>>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_>>>_ 75 75 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " >>> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 76))
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a ^ b
computes a
to the power of b
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_^_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_^_ 80 81 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ^ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 80))
Instances For
a ++ b
is the result of concatenation of a
and b
, usually read "append".
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_++_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_++_ 65 65 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ++ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 66))
Instances For
-a
computes the negative or opposite of a
.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term-_» = Lean.ParserDescr.node `term-_ 75 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "-") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 75))
Instances For
The implementation of ~~~a : α
.
Equations
- «term~~~_» = Lean.ParserDescr.node `term~~~_ 100 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "~~~") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 100))
Instances For
Remark: the infix commands above ensure a delaborator is generated for each relations.
We redefine the macros below to be able to use the auxiliary binop%
elaboration helper for binary operators.
It addresses issue #382.
The less-equal relation: x ≤ y
Equations
- «term_<=_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<=_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <= ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
The less-equal relation: x ≤ y
Equations
- «term_≤_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_≤_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ≤ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
The less-than relation: x < y
Equations
- «term_<_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " < ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
a ≥ b
is an abbreviation for b ≤ a
.
Equations
- «term_>=_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_>=_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " >= ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
a ≥ b
is an abbreviation for b ≤ a
.
Equations
- «term_≥_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_≥_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ≥ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
a > b
is an abbreviation for b < a
.
Equations
- «term_>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_>_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " > ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
The equality relation. It has one introduction rule, Eq.refl
.
We use a = b
as notation for Eq a b
.
A fundamental property of equality is that it is an equivalence relation.
variable (α : Type) (a b c d : α)
variable (hab : a = b) (hcb : c = b) (hcd : c = d)
example : a = d :=
Eq.trans (Eq.trans hab (Eq.symm hcb)) hcd
Equality is much more than an equivalence relation, however. It has the important property that every assertion
respects the equivalence, in the sense that we can substitute equal expressions without changing the truth value.
That is, given h1 : a = b
and h2 : p a
, we can construct a proof for p b
using substitution: Eq.subst h1 h2
.
Example:
example (α : Type) (a b : α) (p : α → Prop)
(h1 : a = b) (h2 : p a) : p b :=
Eq.subst h1 h2
example (α : Type) (a b : α) (p : α → Prop)
(h1 : a = b) (h2 : p a) : p b :=
h1 ▸ h2
The triangle in the second presentation is a macro built on top of Eq.subst
and Eq.symm
, and you can enter it by typing \t
.
For more information: Equality
Equations
- «term_=_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_=_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " = ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
Boolean equality, notated as a == b
.
Equations
- «term_==_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_==_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " == ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
Instances For
Remark: the infix commands above ensure a delaborator is generated for each relations.
We redefine the macros below to be able to use the auxiliary binrel%
elaboration helper for binary relations.
It has better support for applying coercions. For example, suppose we have binrel% Eq n i
where n : Nat
and
i : Int
. The default elaborator fails because we don't have a coercion from Int
to Nat
, but
binrel%
succeeds because it also tries a coercion from Nat
to Int
even when the nat occurs before the int.
And a b
, or a ∧ b
, is the conjunction of propositions. It can be
constructed and destructed like a pair: if ha : a
and hb : b
then
⟨ha, hb⟩ : a ∧ b
, and if h : a ∧ b
then h.left : a
and h.right : b
.
Equations
- «term_/\_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_/\_ 35 36 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " /\\ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 35))
Instances For
And a b
, or a ∧ b
, is the conjunction of propositions. It can be
constructed and destructed like a pair: if ha : a
and hb : b
then
⟨ha, hb⟩ : a ∧ b
, and if h : a ∧ b
then h.left : a
and h.right : b
.
Equations
- «term_∧_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_∧_ 35 36 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ∧ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 35))
Instances For
Or a b
, or a ∨ b
, is the disjunction of propositions. There are two
constructors for Or
, called Or.inl : a → a ∨ b
and Or.inr : b → a ∨ b
,
and you can use match
or cases
to destruct an Or
assumption into the
two cases.
Equations
- «term_\/_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_\/_ 30 31 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " \\/ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 30))
Instances For
Or a b
, or a ∨ b
, is the disjunction of propositions. There are two
constructors for Or
, called Or.inl : a → a ∨ b
and Or.inr : b → a ∨ b
,
and you can use match
or cases
to destruct an Or
assumption into the
two cases.
Equations
- «term_∨_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_∨_ 30 31 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ∨ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 30))
Instances For
Not p
, or ¬p
, is the negation of p
. It is defined to be p → False
,
so if your goal is ¬p
you can use intro h
to turn the goal into
h : p ⊢ False
, and if you have hn : ¬p
and h : p
then hn h : False
and (hn h).elim
will prove anything.
For more information: Propositional Logic
Equations
- «term¬_» = Lean.ParserDescr.node `term¬_ 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "¬") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 40))
Instances For
and x y
, or x && y
, is the boolean "and" operation (not to be confused
with And : Prop → Prop → Prop
, which is the propositional connective).
It is @[macro_inline]
because it has C-like short-circuiting behavior:
if x
is false then y
is not evaluated.
Equations
- «term_&&_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_&&_ 35 35 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " && ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 36))
Instances For
or x y
, or x || y
, is the boolean "or" operation (not to be confused
with Or : Prop → Prop → Prop
, which is the propositional connective).
It is @[macro_inline]
because it has C-like short-circuiting behavior:
if x
is true then y
is not evaluated.
Equations
- «term_||_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_||_ 30 30 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " || ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 31))
Instances For
not x
, or !x
, is the boolean "not" operation (not to be confused
with Not : Prop → Prop
, which is the propositional connective).
Equations
- term!_ = Lean.ParserDescr.node `term!_ 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "!") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 40))
Instances For
The membership relation a ∈ s : Prop
where a : α
, s : γ
.
Equations
- «term_∈_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_∈_ 50 51 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ∈ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 51))
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a ∉ b
is negated elementhood. It is notation for ¬ (a ∈ b)
.
Equations
- «term_∉_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_∉_ 50 50 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " ∉ ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 50))
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If a : α
and l : List α
, then cons a l
, or a :: l
, is the
list whose first element is a
and with l
as the rest of the list.
Equations
- «term_::_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_::_ 67 68 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " :: ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 67))
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a <|> b
executes a
and returns the result, unless it fails in which
case it executes and returns b
. Because b
is not always executed, it
is passed as a thunk so it can be forced only when needed.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_<|>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<|>_ 20 21 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <|> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 20))
Instances For
a >> b
executes a
, ignores the result, and then executes b
.
If a
fails then b
is not executed. Because b
is not always executed, it
is passed as a thunk so it can be forced only when needed.
The meaning of this notation is type-dependent.
Equations
- «term_>>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_>>_ 60 61 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " >> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 60))
Instances For
If x : m α
and f : α → m β
, then x >>= f : m β
represents the
result of executing x
to get a value of type α
and then passing it to f
.
Equations
- «term_>>=_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_>>=_ 55 55 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " >>= ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 56))
Instances For
If mf : F (α → β)
and mx : F α
, then mf <*> mx : F β
.
In a monad this is the same as do let f ← mf; x ← mx; pure (f x)
:
it evaluates first the function, then the argument, and applies one to the other.
To avoid surprising evaluation semantics, mx
is taken "lazily", using a
Unit → f α
function.
Equations
- «term_<*>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<*>_ 60 60 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <*> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 61))
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If x : F α
and y : F β
, then x <* y
evaluates x
, then y
,
and returns the result of x
.
To avoid surprising evaluation semantics, y
is taken "lazily", using a
Unit → f β
function.
Equations
- «term_<*_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<*_ 60 60 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <* ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 61))
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If x : F α
and y : F β
, then x *> y
evaluates x
, then y
,
and returns the result of y
.
To avoid surprising evaluation semantics, y
is taken "lazily", using a
Unit → f β
function.
Equations
- «term_*>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_*>_ 60 60 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " *> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 61))
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If f : α → β
and x : F α
then f <$> x : F β
.
Equations
- «term_<$>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<$>_ 100 101 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <$> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 100))
Instances For
binderIdent
matches an ident
or a _
. It is used for identifiers in binding
position, where _
means that the value should be left unnamed and inaccessible.
Equations
- Lean.binderIdent = Lean.ParserDescr.nodeWithAntiquot "binderIdent" `Lean.binderIdent (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `orelse (Lean.ParserDescr.const `ident) (Lean.ParserDescr.const `hole))
Instances For
A case tag argument has the form tag x₁ ... xₙ
; it refers to tag tag
and renames
the last n
hypotheses to x₁ ... xₙ
.
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"Dependent" if-then-else, normally written via the notation if h : c then t(h) else e(h)
,
is sugar for dite c (fun h => t(h)) (fun h => e(h))
, and it is the same as
if c then t else e
except that t
is allowed to depend on a proof h : c
,
and e
can depend on h : ¬c
. (Both branches use the same name for the hypothesis,
even though it has different types in the two cases.)
We use this to be able to communicate the if-then-else condition to the branches.
For example, Array.get arr ⟨i, h⟩
expects a proof h : i < arr.size
in order to
avoid a bounds check, so you can write if h : i < arr.size then arr.get ⟨i, h⟩ else ...
to avoid the bounds check inside the if branch. (Of course in this case we have only
lifted the check into an explicit if
, but we could also use this proof multiple times
or derive i < arr.size
from some other proposition that we are checking in the if
.)
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if c then t else e
is notation for ite c t e
, "if-then-else", which decides to
return t
or e
depending on whether c
is true or false. The explicit argument
c : Prop
does not have any actual computational content, but there is an additional
[Decidable c]
argument synthesized by typeclass inference which actually
determines how to evaluate c
to true or false. Write if h : c then t else e
instead for a "dependent if-then-else" dite
, which allows t
/e
to use the fact
that c
is true/false.
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if let pat := d then t else e
is a shorthand syntax for:
match d with
| pat => t
| _ => e
It matches d
against the pattern pat
and the bindings are available in t
.
If the pattern does not match, it returns e
instead.
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Haskell-like pipe operator <|
. f <| x
means the same as the same as f x
,
except that it parses x
with lower precedence, which means that f <| g <| x
is interpreted as f (g x)
rather than (f g) x
.
Equations
- «term_<|_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_<|_ 10 0 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " <| ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 10))
Instances For
Haskell-like pipe operator |>
. x |> f
means the same as the same as f x
,
and it chains such that x |> f |> g
is interpreted as g (f x)
.
Equations
- «term_|>_» = Lean.ParserDescr.trailingNode `term_|>_ 10 0 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol " |> ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 11))
Instances For
Alternative syntax for <|
. f $ x
means the same as the same as f x
,
except that it parses x
with lower precedence, which means that f $ g $ x
is interpreted as f (g x)
rather than (f g) x
.
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Subtype p
, usually written as {x : α // p x}
, is a type which
represents all the elements x : α
for which p x
is true. It is structurally
a pair-like type, so if you have x : α
and h : p x
then
⟨x, h⟩ : {x // p x}
. An element s : {x // p x}
will coerce to α
but
you can also make it explicit using s.1
or s.val
.
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without_expected_type t
instructs Lean to elaborate t
without an expected type.
Recall that terms such as match ... with ...
and ⟨...⟩
will postpone elaboration until
expected type is known. So, without_expected_type
is not effective in this case.
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- The
by_elab doSeq
expression runs thedoSeq
as aTermElabM Expr
to synthesize the expression. by_elab fun expectedType? => do doSeq
receives the expected type (anOption Expr
) as well.
Equations
- Lean.byElab = Lean.ParserDescr.node `Lean.byElab 1022 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "by_elab ") (Lean.ParserDescr.const `doSeq))
Instances For
Category for carrying raw syntax trees between macros; any content is printed as is by the pretty printer. The only accepted parser for this category is an antiquotation.
Equations
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Equations
- Lean.instCoeSyntaxTSyntaxConsSyntaxNodeKindMkStr1Nil = { coe := fun (stx : Lean.Syntax) => { raw := stx } }
Normalize casts in an expression using the same method as the norm_cast
tactic.
Equations
- Lean.modCast = Lean.ParserDescr.node `Lean.modCast 1022 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "mod_cast ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 0))
Instances For
The attribute @[deprecated]
on a declaration indicates that the declaration
is discouraged for use in new code, and/or should be migrated away from in
existing code. It may be removed in a future version of the library.
@[deprecated myBetterDef]
means thatmyBetterDef
is the suggested replacement.@[deprecated myBetterDef "use myBetterDef instead"]
allows customizing the deprecation message.@[deprecated (since := "2024-04-21")]
records when the deprecation was first applied.
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The @[coe]
attribute on a function (which should also appear in a
instance : Coe A B := ⟨myFn⟩
declaration) allows the delaborator to show
applications of this function as ↑
when printing expressions.
Equations
- Lean.Attr.coe = Lean.ParserDescr.node `Lean.Attr.coe 1024 (Lean.ParserDescr.nonReservedSymbol "coe" false)
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This attribute marks a code action, which is used to suggest new tactics or replace existing ones.
@[command_code_action kind]
: This is a code action which applies to applications of the commandkind
(a command syntax kind), which can replace the command or insert things before or after it.@[command_code_action kind₁ kind₂]
: shorthand for@[command_code_action kind₁, command_code_action kind₂]
.@[command_code_action]
: This is a command code action that applies to all commands. Use sparingly.
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Builtin command code action. See command_code_action
.
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When parent_dir
contains the current Lean file, include_str "path" / "to" / "file"
becomes
a string literal with the contents of the file at "parent_dir" / "path" / "to" / "file"
. If this
file cannot be read, elaboration fails.
Equations
- Lean.includeStr = Lean.ParserDescr.node `Lean.includeStr 1022 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "include_str ") (Lean.ParserDescr.cat `term 0))
Instances For
The run_cmd doSeq
command executes code in CommandElabM Unit
.
This is almost the same as #eval show CommandElabM Unit from do doSeq
,
except that it doesn't print an empty diagnostic.
Equations
- Lean.runCmd = Lean.ParserDescr.node `Lean.runCmd 1022 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "run_cmd ") (Lean.ParserDescr.const `doSeq))
Instances For
The run_elab doSeq
command executes code in TermElabM Unit
.
This is almost the same as #eval show TermElabM Unit from do doSeq
,
except that it doesn't print an empty diagnostic.
Equations
- Lean.runElab = Lean.ParserDescr.node `Lean.runElab 1022 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "run_elab ") (Lean.ParserDescr.const `doSeq))
Instances For
The run_meta doSeq
command executes code in MetaM Unit
.
This is almost the same as #eval show MetaM Unit from do doSeq
,
except that it doesn't print an empty diagnostic.
(This is effectively a synonym for run_elab
.)
Equations
- Lean.runMeta = Lean.ParserDescr.node `Lean.runMeta 1022 (Lean.ParserDescr.binary `andthen (Lean.ParserDescr.symbol "run_meta ") (Lean.ParserDescr.const `doSeq))
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#reduce <expression>
reduces the expression <expression>
to its normal form. This
involves applying reduction rules until no further reduction is possible.
By default, proofs and types within the expression are not reduced. Use modifiers
(proofs := true)
and (types := true)
to reduce them.
Recall that propositions are types in Lean.
Warning: This can be a computationally expensive operation, especially for complex expressions.
Consider using #eval <expression>
for simple evaluation/execution
of expressions.
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A message filter specification for #guard_msgs
.
info
,warning
,error
: capture messages with the given severity level.all
: capture all messages (the default).drop info
,drop warning
,drop error
: drop messages with the given severity level.drop all
: drop every message. These filters are processed in left-to-right order.
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Whitespace handling for #guard_msgs
:
whitespace := exact
requires an exact whitespace match.whitespace := normalized
converts all newline characters to a space before matching (the default). This allows breaking long lines.whitespace := lax
collapses whitespace to a single space before matching. In all cases, leading and trailing whitespace is trimmed before matching.
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Message ordering for #guard_msgs
:
ordering := exact
uses the exact ordering of the messages (the default).ordering := sorted
sorts the messages in lexicographic order. This helps with testing commands that are non-deterministic in their ordering.
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/-- ... -/ #guard_msgs in cmd
captures the messages generated by the command cmd
and checks that they match the contents of the docstring.
Basic example:
/--
error: unknown identifier 'x'
-/
#guard_msgs in
example : α := x
This checks that there is such an error and then consumes the message.
By default, the command captures all messages, but the filter condition can be adjusted. For example, we can select only warnings:
/--
warning: declaration uses 'sorry'
-/
#guard_msgs(warning) in
example : α := sorry
or only errors
#guard_msgs(error) in
example : α := sorry
In the previous example, since warnings are not captured there is a warning on sorry
.
We can drop the warning completely with
#guard_msgs(error, drop warning) in
example : α := sorry
In general, #guard_msgs
accepts a comma-separated list of configuration clauses in parentheses:
#guard_msgs (configElt,*) in cmd
By default, the configuration list is (all, whitespace := normalized, ordering := exact)
.
Message filters (processed in left-to-right order):
info
,warning
,error
: capture messages with the given severity level.all
: capture all messages (the default).drop info
,drop warning
,drop error
: drop messages with the given severity level.drop all
: drop every message.
Whitespace handling (after trimming leading and trailing whitespace):
whitespace := exact
requires an exact whitespace match.whitespace := normalized
converts all newline characters to a space before matching (the default). This allows breaking long lines.whitespace := lax
collapses whitespace to a single space before matching.
Message ordering:
ordering := exact
uses the exact ordering of the messages (the default).ordering := sorted
sorts the messages in lexicographic order. This helps with testing commands that are non-deterministic in their ordering.
For example, #guard_msgs (error, drop all) in cmd
means to check warnings and drop
everything else.
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#check_tactic t ~> r by commands
runs the tactic sequence commands
on a goal with t
and sees if the resulting expression has reduced it
to r
.
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#check_tactic_failure t by tac
runs the tactic tac
on a goal with t
and verifies it fails.
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#check_simp t ~> r
checks simp
reduces t
to r
.
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#check_simp t !~>
checks simp
fails on reducing t
.
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#discr_tree_key t
prints the discrimination tree keys for a term t
(or, if it is a single identifier, the type of that constant).
It uses the default configuration for generating keys.
For example,
#discr_tree_key (∀ {a n : Nat}, bar a (OfNat.ofNat n))
-- bar _ (@OfNat.ofNat Nat _ _)
#discr_tree_simp_key Nat.add_assoc
-- @HAdd.hAdd Nat Nat Nat _ (@HAdd.hAdd Nat Nat Nat _ _ _) _
#discr_tree_simp_key
is similar to #discr_tree_key
, but treats the underlying type
as one of a simp lemma, i.e. transforms it into an equality and produces the key of the
left-hand side.
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#discr_tree_key t
prints the discrimination tree keys for a term t
(or, if it is a single identifier, the type of that constant).
It uses the default configuration for generating keys.
For example,
#discr_tree_key (∀ {a n : Nat}, bar a (OfNat.ofNat n))
-- bar _ (@OfNat.ofNat Nat _ _)
#discr_tree_simp_key Nat.add_assoc
-- @HAdd.hAdd Nat Nat Nat _ (@HAdd.hAdd Nat Nat Nat _ _ _) _
#discr_tree_simp_key
is similar to #discr_tree_key
, but treats the underlying type
as one of a simp lemma, i.e. transforms it into an equality and produces the key of the
left-hand side.
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The seal foo
command ensures that the definition of foo
is sealed, meaning it is marked as [irreducible]
.
This command is particularly useful in contexts where you want to prevent the reduction of foo
in proofs.
In terms of functionality, seal foo
is equivalent to attribute [local irreducible] foo
.
This attribute specifies that foo
should be treated as irreducible only within the local scope,
which helps in maintaining the desired abstraction level without affecting global settings.
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The unseal foo
command ensures that the definition of foo
is unsealed, meaning it is marked as [semireducible]
, the
default reducibility setting. This command is useful when you need to allow some level of reduction of foo
in proofs.
Functionally, unseal foo
is equivalent to attribute [local semireducible] foo
.
Applying this attribute makes foo
semireducible only within the local scope.
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